This means that the application does not return the results of the SQL query or the details of any database errors within its responses. Many instances of SQL injection are blind vulnerabilities. Read more Examining the database in SQL injection attacks SQL injection cheat sheet Blind SQL injection vulnerabilities Since 1=1 is always true, the query will return all items. The modified query will return all items where either the category is Gifts, or 1 is equal to 1. SELECT * FROM products WHERE category = 'Gifts' OR 1=1-' AND released = 1 Going further, an attacker can cause the application to display all the products in any category, including categories that they don't know about: This means that all products are displayed, including unreleased products. This effectively removes the remainder of the query, so it no longer includes AND released = 1. The key thing here is that the double-dash sequence - is a comment indicator in SQL, and means that the rest of the query is interpreted as a comment. SELECT * FROM products WHERE category = 'Gifts'-' AND released = 1 The application doesn't implement any defenses against SQL injection attacks, so an attacker can construct an attack like: For unreleased products, presumably released = 0. The restriction released = 1 is being used to hide products that are not released. This SQL query asks the database to return:
SELECT * FROM products WHERE category = 'Gifts' AND released = 1 This causes the application to make an SQL query to retrieve details of the relevant products from the database: When the user clicks on the Gifts category, their browser requests the URL: Blind SQL injection, where the results of a query you control are not returned in the application's responses.Ĭonsider a shopping application that displays products in different categories.Examining the database, where you can extract information about the version and structure of the database.
UNION attacks, where you can retrieve data from different database tables.Subverting application logic, where you can change a query to interfere with the application's logic.Retrieving hidden data, where you can modify an SQL query to return additional results.Some common SQL injection examples include:
There are a wide variety of SQL injection vulnerabilities, attacks, and techniques, which arise in different situations. In some cases, an attacker can obtain a persistent backdoor into an organization's systems, leading to a long-term compromise that can go unnoticed for an extended period. Many high-profile data breaches in recent years have been the result of SQL injection attacks, leading to reputational damage and regulatory fines. What is the impact of a successful SQL injection attack?Ī successful SQL injection attack can result in unauthorized access to sensitive data, such as passwords, credit card details, or personal user information.
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